{"id":5992,"date":"2026-02-03T12:24:33","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T10:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/?p=5992"},"modified":"2026-02-03T12:25:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T10:25:11","slug":"5992","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/2026\/02\/03\/5992\/","title":{"rendered":"The importance of political, economic, and cultural factors in explaining fundamental ornithological problems (A case study from Bulgaria) III. Sparrows (Passer spp.)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>The importance of political, economic, and cultural factors in explaining fundamental ornithological problems (A case study from Bulgaria)<br \/>\nIII. Sparrows (Passer spp.)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Wolfgang Baumgart<sup>1<\/sup>, Zlatozar N. Boev<sup>2<\/sup>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">1 <strong>&#8211; <\/strong>13435 Berlin, Guhllener Zeile 9A, Germany<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"mailto:wolfgang.baumgart1@freenet.de\">wolfgang.baumgart1@freenet.de<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2 &#8211; National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">1, Blvd. Tsar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:boev@nmnhs.com\">boev@nmnhs.com<\/a>, <a href=\"mailto:zlatozarboev@gmail.com\">zlatozarboev@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8049-7509\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8049-7509<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The importance of socio-economic factors in explaining fundamental ornithological problems, some of which are unresolved issues with passerine species, is analyzed, with a special emphasis on Bulgaria. Over the past 150 years, Bulgaria has experienced a number of socio-economic cataclysms that have had an impact on bird life, offering surprising new solutions for European passerine species. The relationship between the Spanish and the House sparrows reveals a temporally differentiated relationship related to the seasonal periodicity in the availability of food resources. The main food reserves are used by a sedentary species, while the seasonal surplus is used by a migratory species with largely similar ecological requirements. The different migratory behavior and the resulting differences in metabolic and molting programs require a clear distinction between the species. The Italian and Cretan sparrows occur where access for the House sparrow was difficult. The Spanish sparrow, as a long-distance migrant, had no trouble getting there and evolutionarily took the position of the sedentary House sparrow.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Balkan avifauna, European sparrows, Human impact on bird distribution, Recent birds of Bulgaria, Species range changes<\/p>\n<p>DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65437\/bnhmp.11.4.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65437\/bnhmp.11.4.1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/bnhmp-26401-222026-2.pdf\">Full article PDF<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5992"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5996,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5992\/revisions\/5996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}