{"id":6290,"date":"2026-05-18T19:48:23","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T16:48:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/?p=6290"},"modified":"2026-05-18T20:33:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T17:33:10","slug":"the-national-museum-of-natural-history-at-the-bulgarian-academy-of-sciences-in-the-early-20th-century-dr-hermann-gretzer-successor-to-leverkuhns-work-1905-1914","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/2026\/05\/18\/the-national-museum-of-natural-history-at-the-bulgarian-academy-of-sciences-in-the-early-20th-century-dr-hermann-gretzer-successor-to-leverkuhns-work-1905-1914\/","title":{"rendered":"The National Museum of Natural History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in the Early 20th Century. Dr. Hermann Gretzer \u2013 Successor to Leverk\u00fchn\u2019s Work (1905\u20131914)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0411\u0410\u041d \u0432 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 20 \u0432. <\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>\u0414-\u0440 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0440 &#8211; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u044e\u043d (1905-1914 \u0433.)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0435\u0432<\/strong><strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441: 1000 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f, \u0431\u0443\u043b. \u201e\u0426\u0430\u0440 \u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u201c \u2116 1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><sup>*<\/sup>Email: <a href=\"mailto:boev@nmnhs.com\">boev@nmnhs.com<\/a>; <a href=\"mailto:zlatozarboev@gmail.com\">zlatozarboev@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><sup>\u00a0<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8049-7509\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8049-7509<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435. <\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u041d. \u0412. \u0426\u0430\u0440\u044f (\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0411\u0410\u041d) \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0449 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440) \u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0430\u0440 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434 I &#8211; \u0434-\u0440 Hermann Graetzer. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1907 \u0433. \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442 (\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441) \u0446\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0432\u043a\u043b. \u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438) \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0444\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1905 \u0433. \u0415\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1907 \u0433., \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438:<\/strong> \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0438<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>The National Museum of Natural History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in the Early 20th Century. Dr. Hermann Gretzer \u2013 Successor to Leverk\u00fchn\u2019s Work (1905\u20131914)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(Summary)<\/p>\n<p>The activities, problems and achievements of the Natural History Museum of His Majesty the Tsar (today the National Museum of Natural History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) at the beginning of the last century are presented. During this period, the head of the museum collections (practically with the functions of director) was the second court physician of Tsar Ferdinand I &#8211; Dr. Hermann Graetzer. In 1907, he published the first (and only to this day) comprehensive catalogue of all collections in the museum. The origin of a large part of the newly acquired collections (including quantitative data) of minerals, fossils, plants and animals is also presented. The status and importance of the Entomological Station established in 1905 as one of the Tsar&#8217;s Natlural History Institutes are examined. The exhibition and halls at the opening of the first museum exhibition in 1907 are presented, as well as the first field expeditions to explore some almost unknown parts of the country in terms of natural history and to collect natural history materials for the museum collections.<\/p>\n<p>DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65437\/bnhmp.11.4.5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65437\/bnhmp.11.4.5<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/bnhmp-26405-180526.pdf\">Full text PDF<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6290"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6305,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6290\/revisions\/6305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rnhm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}